Word: cortexes
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...patients suffering from anxiety or depression. And when faced with intractable mental illnesses like schizophrenia, they had to resort to brute force: inducing seizures and comas with chemicals and electric shocks, infecting patients with malaria to provoke brain-clearing fever, or slicing away parts of the brain's prefrontal cortex. In general, desperation guided treatment of the deranged...
...inside the brain in an area called the hippocampus (after the Latin word for seahorse because of its arching shape). Acting as a kind of neurological scratch pad, the hippocampus stores the engrams temporarily until they are transferred somehow (perhaps during sleep) to permanent storage sites throughout the cerebral cortex. This area, located behind the forehead, is often described as the center of intelligence and perception. Here, as in the hippocampus, the information is thought to reside in the form of neurological scribbles, clusters of connected cells...
...Princeton University reported last year that the monkeys they studied seemed to be minting thousands of new neurons a day in the hippocampus of their brain. Even more jarring, Gould and Cross found evidence that a steady stream of the fresh cells may be continually migrating to the cerebral cortex...
That explanation fits pretty well with the old theories. More puzzling, though, is another of the study's findings: the steady migration of new neurons from the hippocampus to the cerebral cortex. Could these neurons be somehow involved in ferrying information into permanent storage--storing short-term memories for the long term...
...wiring. By measuring faint magnetic fields emitted by the brains of professional musicians, a team led by Christo Pantev of the University of Muenster's Institute of Experimental Audiology in Germany has shown that intensive practice of an instrument leads to discernible enlargement of parts of the cerebral cortex, the layer of gray matter most closely associated with higher brain function...