Word: chalcedon
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Dates: during 1962-1962
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...dogmas of the Trinity. Condemning the thought of an Alexandrian priest named Arius, First Nicaea ruled that Christ was divine-"the only begotten of the Father, of the same substance with the Father." Ephesus anathematized the Nestorians, because they refused to acknowledge Mary as Theotokos, the Mother of God. Chalcedon condemned the Monophysites, for denying that Christ united a divine and a human nature in one person. The councils may have brought out the best in Christian teaching-but they sometimes brought out the worst in the men who attended them: at Ephesus, rival groups of bishops excommunicated one another...
...Roman Catholic reckoning, 20 councils deserve the name ecumenical-meaning councils representing the entire church in union with Rome. But Anglicans and many Protestants regard only the first four councils-Nicaea (325), Constantinople (381), Ephesus (431) and Chalcedon (451)-as ecumenical; Orthodox churches accept the ecumenicity of three more-the Second of Nicaea (787), the Second (553) and Third (680) of Constantinople. All the others, non-Catholics insist, are simple regional councils of the Latin church...