Word: celle
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...road," the staff sergeant says, "we're gonna blow up their f---in' road" - but way harder to accomplish. As he walks toward the contaminated area wearing a heavily insulated space suit on a 130-degree day, he catches the corner-eyesight of a man about to use a cell phone. The spaceman turns and runs. Too late: BOOM! The bomb detonates and so does he. Blood seeps down his helmet visor like red rain on the wrong side of a car windshield...
...Unlike the technique used to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by genetically manipulating a patient's cells and reprogramming them into a pluripotent state before morphing into a different type of body tissue, direct reprogramming simply flips an adult cell directly into the desired form, skipping the middle steps...
...Reprogramming blood or skin cells back to a pluripotent state before coaxing them into the final form takes weeks of repeated cell division, while with direct reprogramming, the cell identity transformation occurs very quickly—20 percent of cells are fully converted within three days...
...really wouldn't be where we are today without working with hES cells," said Melton, who is also the co-chair of the new Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard's first cross-school department. "They really provide a unique window into human development and human disease, and we really need those to progress our understanding...
...Lead author of the paper Qiao "Joe" Zhou, a post-doctoral fellow working in Melton's laboratory, said that finding the correct combination of the three transcription factors to reprogram the cell that makes gut enzymes in mice into a more useful pancreatic cell was the result of three years of repetitive lab work...