Word: catalonia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...punctuated by silence and bursts of static. The work responds to an edgy sensibility: Europe of the '20s and '30s, and Northern Europe at that, the dictators' playground. When the Mediterranean world appears, it is not the, sumptuous place imagined by Matisse or Picasso, but either Catalonia or the seedier Levantine environment of Cavafy's Alexandria. Its heroes, whose ghostly presences are often quoted in Kitaj's paintings, are the shipless helmsmen of modernism, the rootless cosmopolitans like the couple in Where the Railroad Leaves the Sea (1964). Kitaj paints wandering Jews and victims...
Until the Inquisition's crackdown, the villagers were more confused than threatened by theological conflict. Some chose to "fish from both banks," as one witness put it. Pierre Maury, a goodhearted shepherd who followed the seasons across the Pyrenees into Catalonia and back again, explained, "I want to use what I earn from my work to do good to both sides. Because really I do not know which of the two beliefs is the more valid. Although, in fact, I support rather the faith of the heretics. But that is simply because my communications and relations with the heretics...
...contretemps over Leninism reached a peak during a recent conference of the Catalan branch of the party, the so-called United Socialist Party of Catalonia (P.S.U.C.), which pulled in almost a third of the 1.6 million Communist votes in last June's elections, taking eight of the 20 Communist seats in the 350-member Congress of Deputies. With Carrillo looking on unhappily, a majority of P.S.U.C. delegates declared against Thesis XV, not just because of ideological considerations, but because so major an issue had not been permitted enough discussion. They tried "Stalinist methods to democratize the party," grumbled...
...Second Vatican Council in 1965. Other changes were triggered by the economic boom of the 1960s, which made Spain the world's ninth largest industrial power and spurred a major rural-population shift. Immigrants from the poor south and Galicia moved to Madrid, the industrial Basque provinces and Catalonia. In 1960 four out of 100 families owned a car; today...
Basques are the most adamant in demanding regional autonomy (akin to U.S. states' rights). But these sentiments are echoed in Catalonia and to a lesser degree in Galicia, Andalusia and the Canary Islands. There is widespread support for the right of these areas to make their own basic decisions on education, public works and taxes...