Word: biochemists
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Nobel Prizewinner (1931), Warburg is a biochemist about whom anecdotes crystallize. In the '305 the Nazis had winked at the fact that he was "non-Aryan," allowed him to keep on working in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. Warburg's field was cancer research, and Hitler had a personal dread of the disease. Warburg could also manage the occupation authorities. When Berlin was first occupied, he lost his riding horses twice, once to the Russians and once to the Americans; he got them back each time...
...Vincent du Vigneaud, 47, Cornell University Medical College biochemist, "for advancing the frontiers of our knowledge of fundamental living processes." His specialty: the part played by certain chemicals in the body's metabolism...
...body gets 20% to 40% of all its energy by burning up fat. But scientists have not known exactly how-or where-the body burns its fat-fuel. Last week a young (31) University of Chicago biochemist named Albert Lehninger reported a solution of the puzzle. His report at the American Chemical Society's meeting in Washington (see SCIENCE) won him the $1,000 Paul-Lewis Laboratories Award...
Scientists have known that it is enzymes which burn up fat, and that certain co-enzymes are needed to get the fire started. But the identity of the co-enzymes was unknown. Biochemist Lehninger discovered that the same enzymes which oxidize carbohydrates also oxidize fat. He found out where the burning takes place, too. In the cells of the liver (where half the body's fat is oxidized) are small, granular structures called mitochondria. The mitochondria, Lehninger announced, are the cellular power plants "or stokers or burners" for the combustion...
...Indian-born physiologist and biochemist, director of research for the Lederle Laboratories (American Cyanamid Co.); in Pearl River, N.Y. As a Harvard graduate student, he pioneered in studies on muscular contraction, after going to Lederle concentrated on folic acid (part of the vitamin-B complex), helped develop its derivatives, teropterin and aminopterin (now being used to fight cancer), directed research that produced the new antibiotic, aureomycin (a cure for serious infections untouched by penicillin or streptomycin...