Word: bacillus
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Should everyone be immunized against lockjaw? Yes, answers Immunologist Dr. Geoffrey Edsall of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, in a report to the A.M.A.'s Council on Drugs. Only 25% of the population has been immunized, yet the tetanus bacillus is present in many open wounds; thus the disease is a clear threat (an average 325 deaths a year) to anyone. The tetanus immunization shot, says Dr. Edsall, is not only one of the safest toxoids known to man, it is also among the most effective: the U.S. Army's tetanus rate...
...Middlebrook and Dr. Maurice Cohn put more than 1,000 guinea pigs into chambers rigged so that the ventilators blew in BCG-Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin, a strain of weakened microbes used in vaccination against tuberculosis (TIME, Sept. 23, 1957). Later exposed to virulent TB germs, these animals resisted disease and lived out their normal life span. Those in an untreated comparison group sickened and died. Follow-up tests by Dr. Sol Roy Rosenthal at the University of Illinois showed that BCG, wafted in 10 million times its own volume of air, "took" in 27 of 30 children...
...people, or half the population of Petrograd, marched in silence (the dead were buried without religious services, but next day. in a shamefaced gesture, priests were brought to say prayers). And there is also the unforgettable picture of Lenin being transported-in Churchill's phrase "like a plague bacillus"-across Germany in the famous sealed train. Lenin made his associates retire to the train toilet to smoke-an autocratic gesture that should have given them pause...
Doctors disagree sharply on the value of vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG, the Bacillus of Calmette and Guéerin (TIME, Sept. 23). Nearest approach to a consensus is that BCG is not to be recommended for people enjoying high standards of sanitation and health, but may be good for those with low resistance, living in overcrowded conditions, and those exposed to TB victims. Now the results of a long-term experiment show how effective the vaccine can be. In the Archives of Internal Medicine, three University of Pennsylvania researchers report striking benefits among American Indians...
...Burma had the worst record with 198 cases; in the New World, Ecuador led with 72. In the U.S., where the bacillus has found a reservoir in wild rodents (TIME, July 9, 1956), there was one probable but unconfirmed case in Texas...