Word: autism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Previous studies looking at a narrower population of youngsters have suggested that as much as 40% of the rise in autism cases might be explained by broader diagnostic definitions and by heightened awareness of the condition. But that still leaves 60% of the increase unaccounted for. "Most scientists believe there is something more than just awareness and a broadening definition that is responsible for the rise," says Dr. Gary Goldstein, president of the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore. "We are seeing some fraction of the increase that is probably due to more cases of autism...
...what is driving the soaring numbers? While recent studies have highlighted genetic changes that might be responsible, some experts caution that such changes happen over time, far too slowly to explain the recent rise in autism. "When you see an increase like this, you have to think it's an environmental issue," says Dr. Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health and chair of the NIH's interagency autism coordinating committee...
...Since autism is generally diagnosed before age two, most scientists believe the factors that contribute to ASD occur during pregnancy, or in the months immediately following birth. A pregnant mother's advanced age might be one such influence, along with certain behavioral and environmental exposures she or her newborn baby may experience - any combination of which could be interacting with their particular genetic makeup to promote ASD. Isolating the most causative culprits will be a challenge, say autism experts. "There is so much stuff out there, whether it is diet or infection," says Goldstein. "We could make a list...
...latest statistics underscore the looming public health problem that autism has become, and highlight the urgent need for research on causes and treatments, as well as better support services for families caring for autistic children. The CDC considers ASDs a significant public health concern, says Rice, and researchers across the country continue to discover new genes associated with the condition. But for advocates of families affected by autism, the efforts are still not enough. "We are really seeing exciting things happening, but the pace is too slow, it just doesn't measure up to the size of the crisis," says...
...TIME's photo-essay "A Journey into the World of Autism...