Word: apolipoprotein
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...France, who linked the genes to the most common form of the memory disorder, late-onset Alzheimer's - the type that affects patients in their 60s or later and accounts for about 90% of all Alzheimer's cases. The only other gene connected with the condition, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), was identified in 1993; since, researchers have tirelessly hunted for other key genes, knowing that 60% to 80% of the progressive, incurable disease is genetically based. (See pictures of a company in the business of caretakers for the elderly...
...into three: those who had no risk factors for Alzheimer's, those who had a family history of the disease but no genetic indicators of it themselves and those who had both family members with Alzheimer's as well as a version of a gene for a protein called apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) that has been linked to the condition. They slid all of the subjects into an fMRI machine, and while the volunteers were there, they saw names of both famous and not-so-famous people flashed in front of them. (See the Top 10 Medical Breakthroughs...
...tricky thing about this new, more individualized exploration of genetics. The effect of a polymorphism may vary depending on where in a gene it is found and the influence of other genes. And a particular alteration can have varying effects in different populations. For instance, a variant gene called apolipoprotein E4 seems to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease if you are Caucasian or Japanese but not if you are a black African. It's important to know not only the SNPs but also their context to understand "who will respond and who will not respond," says Ordovas...