Word: andromeda
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Only heavenly body visible to the naked eye that is not part of earth's own galaxy is M 31 (in the constellation of Andromeda), a galaxy 2,000,000 light-years away. Through high-powered telescopes, astronomers have detected millions of other galaxies, presume there are billions more beyond...
...star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds (small, comparatively nearby galaxies) seemed to be much fainter intrinsically than similar clusters in the Milky Way. This offended the astronomers' sense of order. They felt that the clusters in both galaxies should be about equally bright. When clusters in the great Andromeda galaxy also proved too faint, the astronomers suspected their calculations...
Shapley also believes that the Milky Way, our own galactic system, can no longer be ranked as the largest galaxy. The famed spiral nebula in Andromeda now appears to be at least as large and is actually 1,500,000 light years away, twice as far as the previous figure...
...calculated how much radio energy is sent out by the Milky Way galaxy, another vast swirl of billions of stars, of which the sun is a part. Then they calculated what this radio source would look like to their radio telescope if it were as far away as the Andromeda nebula. The calculations showed that it would look much the same. This went far to prove what astronomers had long suspected: the Milky Way galaxy is a "twin...
...radio waves from Andromeda proved also that radio stars are not peculiar to the "local" galaxy, i.e., the Milky Way. They are probably common in all , the galaxies scattered through the depths of space. Dr. A. C. B. Lovell, head of Jodrell Bank, suspects that they are just as numerous as the visible stars. They may be stars being formed, he speculates, out of interstellar gas. They may be dying stars (black dwarfs) too cool to shed visible light. Or they may be something new and still undreamed of by astronomers...