Word: 1950s
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...Assistant Professor of History Caroline M. Elkins’ project will focus on the sunset of the British Empire in Kenya in the 1950s, which she has studied for several years. She will spend the year at Radcliffe compiling her research and writing a book...
...signal achievement of the Warren court was its unanimous ruling in 1954's Brown v. Board of Education that segregated public schools were unconstitutional. During Rehnquist's Senate confirmation proceedings in 1971, it emerged that in the early 1950s, while he was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, Rehnquist had prepared a memo defending the old and reviled "separate but equal" doctrine. Rehnquist insisted that he had merely been distilling Jackson's views. But the court he eventually led made job-discrimination claims harder to win and rejected the use of statistics showing that the death penalty...
...gulag was everywhere in the Soviet Union, not just on remote islands in the White Sea or the permafrost of the Far North. There were camps in the center of Moscow, too. In the early 1950s, for example, some 12,000 men and women - a mix of political prisoners and criminals - worked in Stroilag in the Lenin Hills, a beauty spot overlooking the capital, building parts of Moscow State University and other academic institutions. Elsewhere in the city, prisoners built ports, airfields, homes and even dachas in the élite villages of Barvikha and Zhukovka, now the preserve of Russia...
...after the failed hit on Rantisi, Sharon told his Cabinet ministers, according to Gissin, "Jewish blood can't come cheap. We aren't going to be put on the altar of the road map." Gissin maintains that Sharon's revulsion to terrorist attacks on Jewish civilians dates from the 1950s, when there were frequent lethal penetrations of Israel from the West Bank, then controlled by Jordan. Sharon, a young army officer, took command of Unit 101, a counterterrorism outfit that launched reprisal attacks on Palestinian villages there. In 1953 one such attack on the village of Qibya...
...these characteristics, the archetypal Empire clubs, until the late-20th century, shared another: unwritten color bars. May Holdsworth, in her history of Hong Kong expatriate life, Foreign Devils, cites Anne Baker, a Eurasian whose white husband had to resign from the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club in the 1950s upon marrying her. Also quoted is Michael Wright, a former government architect, who remembers that at the Hong Kong Club "there was nothing in the rules to say that Chinese couldn't join. It had simply been understood that you didn't put a Chinese up for membership... [The fear...