Word: urbanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...This looks like the beginning of the decade of the art group: from the U.S., from France, from Cuba, Canada, Eastern Europe, well over half the work that the young sent to Paris was created by teams. The other new beginning is a cool fascination with man's urban environment as subject-dream cityscapes, 21st century living and working places, architectural fantasies. But these are suggestive glimpses of the art that is forming toward the turn of the millennium...
Still within the urban parish mold ?but hardly in the traditional church building?is Chicago's Circle Church, which meets in a Teamsters hall. Its founder, David Mains, 33, was a vaguely dissatisfied Baptist minister trying to start a new parish in a polyglot Chicago neighborhood when he chanced to stop by the union hall. "Any time you want to start a church," the local's secretary-treasurer told him, "you can meet here for free. What this neighborhood needs is another goddam Protestant church." Mains' church is Protestant?it has since affiliated with the Evangelical Free Church...
Full Circle has a spiritual mystique that is rare in religious urban reform efforts. As a result of Fox's work as archdiocesan coordinator of New York's Spanish Community Action, Full Circle has established affiliates and projects in most of the city's marginal or ghetto areas. The object, says Fox, is not to push through neighborhood improvement projects, but "to show others the riches in themselves"?to inspire the poor to become aware of their own resources and the potential beauty of the urban setting. That process has inspired some notable neighborhood renewals...
...derives from his conviction that "when you help others, you grow yourself?and you find the need to grow and develop further." His almost mystical approach has been criticized as unrealistic by a good friend. Father Harry Browne, a Manhattan pastor who has made his own considerable imprint on urban redevelopment mainly through political methods. Browne, for ten years president of the Stryckers Bay Neighborhood Council redevelopment project on the West Side, now heads St. Gregory's parish in the same neighborhood, where he has mobilized voter-power to get better housing, schools and police protection...
...back as the late 19th century, when Walter Rauschenbusch worked out his Social Gospel in the slums of New York, the urban ministry has been the classic ordination-of-fire for young clerical zealots. But despite the problems, opportunities for white ministers are fading. For one thing, many black communities no longer want white clergymen, friendly or not. For another, there are more and more radicalized seminarians competing for ghetto ministries. Now, as interest in parish assignments begins to go up again, seminary graduates are being forced to look to the suburbs, where many innovative ministers have proved that there...