Word: spiegelman
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Dates: during 1947-1947
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...Spiegelman and Kamen worked with yeast cells, proved that their chemical behavior could be changed, while the genes remained unchanged. This suggested strongly that something besides the genes affected cell characteristics...
...most sacrosanct doctrine in biology had been called in question. The two biological revolutionists who did it-Drs. Sol Spiegelman and Martin D. Kamen of Washington University, St. Louis-fled home from Manhattan this week, hotly pursued by biological tories. They had attacked the Divine Right of Genes...
...What we started to do," said Dr. Spiegelman, "was to find out how genes operate." Genes are infinitesimal bodies (perhaps single protein molecules) in the nucleus of every living cell, from bacteria to man. According to orthodox, "Mendelian" biology, they are the sole arbiters of heredity. When a cell divides, each gene divides too, and transmits a definite characteristic to the "daughter" cells...