Word: sinkiang
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Days of Trial. Sinkiang presents China with a sheaf of problems, whose solutions all the world will keenly watch. The very riches pose the first problem: for developing resources and plotting communications, have the Chinese got the necessary technical skill? Have they got adequate administrative personnel? Will they retard development of Sinkiang until industrial China is equal to the task, or call in foreign capital...
...reintegration means much to Chinese pride, calling to mind the greatest days of China's history. It gives China what China's greatest statesmen have always sought-a vast natural buffer zone between her own centers of population and the vigorous pressure of the outland. Beneath Sinkiang's sands and mountains lie raw mineral resources which may match even Chinese optimism. The Russians have plotted a chain of oil deposits stretching almost a thousand miles, from the Pamirs to north of the Tien Shan (mountains...
...Chinese also look for great coal resources. Copper, critically deficient in the interior, is in Sinkiang; so are iron, molybdenum and other ores. Sinkiang's succulent fruits and melons are a byword in Asia. Its superb cotton, its magnificent horses are all of matchless quality. But peasant immigration must be limited to water resources-three or four millions is probably the maximum total of agricultural pioneers...
Most important of all, Sinkiang presents new statesmen in China with the problem their predecessors faced with signal lack of success for 150 years-the problem of land frontiers. China's eastern and southern frontiers are sea and mountain; but in the north and west China shares the longest land frontier in the world with Russia. Corrupt and ignorant statesmen of the Manchu dynasty, brutal provincial war lords understood nothing of the art of world politics; Russo-Chinese relations were traditionally...
Perhaps the greatest significance of the past 18 months in Central Asia's history was the transfer of power in quiet peace, with differences settled at the table and not in the field. In this sense, Sinkiang was a victory for the principles of the United Nations, as great as any achieved by the force of arms...