Word: preventing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...struggle within the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia. The ultraconservative faction, led by Deputy Party Chief Lubomir Strougal, has wanted to put him on trial for treason. But Boss Gustav Husák, the Moscow-supported "realist" who last April replaced Dubček as party leader, has sought to prevent a return to the terror practices that gripped Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and early '60s. Last week, after a meeting of the ruling eleven-man Presidium in Prague, party officials announced that some time after Jan. 1 Dubček will become Czechoslovakia's Ambassador to Turkey...
...officials, far from celebrating their victory, were negotiating an arrangement to prevent the free-market price from dropping below $35. They intended to do so by loosening up the U.S.-inspired boycott against South African gold. Under the boycott, central banks had bought hardly any South African gold; this had forced South Africa to sell on the free market, driving down the price. But as the free-market price skidded, European central bankers feared for the value of their own gold reserves. In addition, the Europeans wanted to bring some new South African gold into the international monetary system...
...caking agents, which keep such things as salt, sugar and milk powder from clumping; preservatives (31 listed); emulsifying agents, used to help homogenize substances that do not normally mix (like fat in milk); sequestrants, which keep trace minerals from turning fats and oils rancid, and are also used to prevent some soft drinks from turning cloudy. In addition, the FDA has 80 "miscellaneous" GRAS substances from alfalfa to zedoary (an aromatic East Indian herb), from pipsissewa leaves to ylang-ylang, used as flavoring...
...impact on economic trends. That led him to underrate the money supply as an economic regulator. Friedman maintains that Keynesian economists made the same error for decades afterward?and indeed, that many still do today. In reality, Friedman argues, the Federal Reserve in the 1930s had ample power to prevent the monetary contraction. "Had the facts been as Keynes assumed them to be," Friedman has written, "I could not hold the views I do about the role of money. Had Keynes recognized that the facts were what they were, he would have had to modify his views...
...deliberately allowed to stay open, authorities admit. Federal Reserve officials feared that if they had closed every gap in the regulations, some banks might have failed. In a banking system based on confidence, that might have touched off a financial panic, something that the Federal Reserve is sworn to prevent. Still, Board Chairman Bill Martin admitted to Congress that the "safety valve" had become "an escape hatch through which restraints are being avoided." The banks also flooded the country with new credit cards, which stimulated consumer spending and certainly did not reduce