Word: pennington
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...never ensure a vaccine is completely safe," says Hugh Pennington, an emeritus professor of virology at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. "Clinical trials are on the magnitude of thousands and can screen out common and mild reactions for the vaccine - fever and sore arms mostly. But if a vaccine causes a severe reaction in one in a million people, there's no way to test for that." (See pictures of swine flu hitting Mexico...
...conclusively linking deaths to a vaccine can be difficult, Pennington says, pointing out that there is still debate among experts as to how many of the 1976 Guillain-Barré deaths were actually caused by the vaccine. For this reason, health officials fear that adverse reactions in vaccine recipients can make the already difficult job of convincing healthy people to receive inoculations even more challenging. For whatever reason, people tend to fear vaccines more than other medicines. This has been the case since the first vaccinations were given to prevent a spread of smallpox in England in the late 18th...
...cited example is concern over an autism link with the [measles, mumps and rubella] vaccine," Pennington says. "In America, high uptake of the vaccine led to the eradication of measles. But in Europe, enough parents refused to let their children have the vaccine that it gave the virus a home to circulate and continue to infect people." (Take TIME's swine flu quiz...
...pandemic, they say, the spread of H1N1 is inevitable. "They are not effective at all in my opinion," says Dr. Lo Wing-lok, a Hong Kong?based infectious-disease expert. "By picking up these few cases, there isn't any real impact in control of the flu." Hugh Pennington, a microbiologist at the University of Aberdeen, puts it more bluntly: "We are already in a pandemic. There's no containment option now." (See the 5 things you need to know about swine...
...invented - may actually work better for us than the occasional bouts of exercise you get as a gym rat. "You cannot sit still all day long and then have 30 minutes of exercise without producing stress on the muscles," says Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, a neurobiologist at LSU's Pennington Biomedical Research Center who has studied nutrition for 20 years. "The muscles will ache, and you may not want to move after. But to burn calories, the muscle movements don't have to be extreme. It would be better to distribute the movements throughout...