Word: paraguayan
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Latin America, and turn bad ones into good ones, the U. S. lately has lavished foofaraw and funds on Brazil, Haiti, Nicaragua. Last week in Washing ton, Paraguay's President-elect José Félix Estigarribia got his share: a $500,000 credit to bolster the wavering Paraguayan peso, plus further loans to finance purchases of U. S. materials, machinery, services for Paraguayan roads and industry...
...provided the expropriated fields were not returned to private owners. Paraguay agreed to give Bolivia: 1) a 325-ft. pipeline right-of-way across the Chaco battlefields to the Paraguay River; 2) two free zones for a refinery and a shipping point; 3) a 3O-year monopoly to supply Paraguayan oil requirements; 4) freedom from taxes and levies on shipments from the Bolivian refinery. Since Paraguay uses little oil, main purpose of the treaty was to provide Bolivia with an export outlet to the European market (for which she fought Paraguay unsuccessfully in the Chaco War), making possible the German...
...Busch was born, not far from most of Standard Oil's Bolivian fields. Dionisio Foianini studied pharmacy in Italy, returned to Bolivia before the Chaco War broke out, was put in charge of munitions manufacture. Then he visited Argentina on a secret mission and organized Bolivian espionage behind Paraguayan lines. Dionisio Foianini rushed to the Chaco when the war ended, persuaded Army officers that expropriating $17,000,000 worth of Standard Oil properties would be a popular political move, set up a State Petroleum Board to exploit the appropriated fields...
First there were three years (1932-35) of disastrous warfare over the half-desert, half-swamp of the Chaco. About 100,000 men lost their lives. Then there were three years of patient negotiations at Buenos Aires. Last July Bolivian and Paraguayan representatives signed an agreement submitting to final arbitration by the six Presidents, pledged to act ex aequo et bono-"according to what is right and good." Two weeks later Paraguay's electorate voted ten-to-one to accept any boundary awards made. Bolivia's Constitutional Assembly soon followed suit...
...land named for Simon Bolivar has adopted a Drang nach Osten (Drive toward the East) policy of her own, with only tough little Paraguay to oppose her in obtaining a water route to the Atlantic. Now Bolivia will have a small corridor between the Brazilian border and the new Paraguayan border (see map) to the Paraguay River, where she can build a port of her own. By filling in swampland, roads and railroads can be built from the Andean plateau to that port. From there Bolivian products can be transported down the broad Paraguay River into the Paraná River...