Word: karolinska
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...example. Most researchers, though, are more optimistic. Over the course of 10 years, they say, the riddles of the cord have been solved. The question now is not what the treatments for an injured spine should be, but how best to implement them. At hospitals such as the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and the University of Florida, human trials are already getting under way. Studies at other hospitals are sure to follow. Says Black: "The astounding progress over the past decade dwarfs the progress of the past 5,000 years." Reeve may not stand up the day he turns...
...experiment was brutally simple. Scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden took 23 rats and neatly severed their spinal cords, paralyzing their hind legs. Then they took some of the injured rats and set about trying to repair the damage, using microsurgery to build hair-thin "bridges" across the spinal gap. It was an approach other scientists had tried in various forms for nearly 30 years, with little success. But this time, according to a report published last week in Science, it worked. Not only did the severed nerve fibers grow across the bridge, but the rats also began...
...Karolinska team members, led by Henrich Cheng, took special pains to avoid the pitfalls that had tripped up investigators in the past. They widened the gap (by removing a quarter inch of spine) to ensure that no nerve tissue remained to produce false-positive results. Then they built their cellular bridges according to a precise blueprint that carefully distinguished between the two kinds of nerve tissue in the spinal cord--white and gray matter. White matter contains the parts of nerves that are surrounded by a substance called myelin, which acts like insulation around an electric wire. Gray matter contains...
This fog may finally start to clear because of two studies done in Sweden. The first, led by epidemiologists Maria Feychting and Anders Ahlbom of Stockholm's Karolinska Institute, looked at everyone who lived within 300 m (328 yd.) of a high-tension line in Sweden from 1960 to '85. Although the investigators could find no evidence of an increased cancer threat for adults, they did detect a higher risk of leukemia in children. The second study, led by Birgitta Floderus of Sweden's National Institute of Occupational Health, linked on-the-job exposure to electromagnetic fields and leukemia...
What makes the Karolinska study particularly significant is the thoroughness of its design. The investigation encompassed nearly 500,000 people. By restricting their analysis to high-power transmission lines, the researchers could easily calculate the field strength for each household studied and be assured that the lines were the dominant source of electromagnetic radiation. Since field strength drops off dramatically with distance and all the houses were in the same corridor, investigators could also be fairly certain that the only difference between exposed and unexposed homes was proximity to the lines, not other environmental factors...