Word: droplets
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Economy Model. Moscow's Professor Mikhail Petrovich Chumakov tried this material on 30,000 children. He was delighted with its simplicity. His staff had to put only one droplet in a teaspoonful of syrup, and the kids swallowed it-thus cutting out the need for hypodermic needles, which are expensive and can be dangerous. Then there was the economy: one-hundredth of the injection dose. Perhaps most important: live virus taken by mouth multiplies in the digestive tract, quickly triggers development of antibodies and protects the whole system. The Russians argue that the killed form, injected into the bloodstream...
...Twiddle the dial any evening, and the chances are that the crack of a shot in Dragnet will set the objets d'art tinkling on your chimney piece. Or that pathetic crib of an American quiz show, The $64,000 Question, will dribble a sad, self-evident little droplet of knowledge into our sitting room." Further, the Express charged that 50% of the time that ITA allocates to children is now taken up with Americana. "Do they imagine that commercial TV was brought into being here in order to turn our children into little Americans...
Only Setback. For human subjects he chose Ohio's Chillicothe Federal Reformatory. Of 30 volunteers (between the ages of 21 and 30), 26 got a minute droplet of a single strain of polio virus in a teaspoon-ul of milk. The human guinea pigs proved even more susceptible than the chimpanzees to the desired kind of infection. They did not get sick in any apparent way Yet the virus multiplied in their digestive tracts, boosted their antibody levels and was excreted in the stools for one to twelve weeks. It was in this connection Dr. Sabin reported his only...
...handling blood so that all its parts will be as fully utilized as a pig in a packinghouse. Of outstanding importance was the news about red cells. There are 5,000,000 or more of these (each about one four-thousandths in. in diameter) in a cubic-millimeter droplet of blood. It has always been easy to separate them, and recently a method of freezing them in glycerin was perfected. The trick is to get them out of the giycerin undamaged, and that has taken hours of complex effort...
...Enders reported that these test-tube cultures provided a test for the presence of polio and similar viruses, it used to take a monkey a month to confirm a single diagnosis of polio. That was impractical. Many physicians relied (and still do) on a microscopic examination of a droplet of fluid taken by puncture from the patient's spinal column. In normal, healthy fluid, there are few or no cells-not more than eight to the cubic millimeter. In victims of virus diseases like polio there may be 500 cells or more. This is still only a rough & ready...