Word: cyclotrons
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Dates: during 1937-1937
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...atoms of gold, thus technically at least realizing the old dream of the alchemists. But the raw material for this transmutation was platinum, and the few gold atoms were not worth a fraction of the energy used in manufacturing them, although the electric current necessary to run the cyclotron for an hour costs only $1.50. "Anyway," as Lawrence remarks with a grin, "the information we are getting is worth more than gold...
...Berkeley researchers have also created a small trace of Radium E-not a temporarily radioactive substance but actual radium. The Lawrence cyclotron technique has in the past five years come to be recognized as the most efficient atom-smashing device in the world. Eleven cyclotrons are either in operation or being built in the U. S., one in Canada, eleven in Europe and the Orient. And many of these projects are directed or staffed by men who learned their cyclotron technique as research fellows under Ernest Lawrence at Berkeley...
Radiations & Flesh. To guard against injury from radiations in the vicinity of the cyclotron, Dr. Lawrence's crew carry small electroscopes in their pockets which they discharge into a meter at the end of the working day to see how much radiation they have been exposed to. Since neutrons cannot be controlled by magnetic fields and slide easily through almost all substances except those rich in hydrogen, Dr. Lawrence moved the control panel 60 ft. away from the apparatus and surrounded the machine with tanks of water six feet high, three feet thick (every water molecule contains two neutron...
...neutron rays, and also the emanations from artificially radioactive substances, may turn out to be beneficial instead of harmful if artfully managed. Lately the biological and medicinal possibilities of cyclotron products have loomed increasingly large on the scientific horizon. In a malodorous room near the cyclotron chamber at Berkeley are stacks of cages containing white rats, labeled by splotches of blue, yellow or pink paint on their backs. These animals have been made cancerous by implantations of cancerous tissue. Preliminary experiments tend to show that neutron bombardments have a selective effect on cancer cells five times as strong as that...
During the past month workmen have been laying the concrete floor of a big new laboratory next to the old building. In this a tremendous cyclotron with a 220-ton magnet will be installed, hurling deuterons at 12,000,000 to 20,000,000 volts, alpha particles at 24,000,000 to 40,000,000. When completed the new building will contain biochemical laboratories and a clinic. San Francisco's late William Henry Crocker gave $75,000 for this project, the Chemical Foundation $68,000, Dr. Lawrence estimates that he needs about $35,000 more. Designer...