Word: caspian
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...plan by several European countries to build a natural gas pipeline through southeastern Europe and Turkey has been delayed for years by wrangling over financing and the route. The Nabucco pipeline, as it's known, will eventually link up with another planned pipeline connecting Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan beneath the Caspian Sea. But, at the current pace, construction may not be completed for years. (Read: "Why Europe Can't Abandon Russian...
...China and Russia also still disagree on how to finance those unbuilt pipelines, which are likely to cost billions of dollars. (As a measure of how expensive these projects are, the BTC oil pipeline linking Azerbaijan's capital, Baku, through Tbilisi, Georgia, to Turkey's Caspian port of Ceyhan cost $4 billion to build in the early 2000s.) "Gazprom has been looking to get into the Chinese market for a considerable time, but the problem has always been over agreeing on the price," says Julian Lee, a senior energy analyst for the Center for Global Energy Studies in London. "There...
...That steady stream of suppliers has seemingly made Russia eager to make deals with its neighbor rather than to lose out to its competitors in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian. Says the Eurasia Group, a risk consultancy in Washington, in its research note on Thursday: "Gazprom increasingly has an incentive to lock in a share of the Chinese market, as it sees growing competition from Central Asian suppliers as well as LNG suppliers such as Australia, Qatar and even Papua New Guinea...
...said to have altered the whole arc of not only the horrific conflict in nearby Chechnya but also the presidency of Vladimir Putin. Beslan was supposed to have given Moscow resolve. North Ossetia - indeed, the whole of the North Caucasus, between the Black Sea to the west and the Caspian Sea to the east - was supposed to be tranquil, harmonious, subdued. But that's not what has happened...
...scholar named Mahmud Kashgari - from, as his name suggests, the Silk Road outpost of Kashgar - presented a landmark text to the Caliph of Baghdad. It was the first ever compendium of the Turkish language, the babble of tongues spoken by nomadic tribes who roamed between the shores of the Caspian Sea and the wastes of Siberia. Despite the scope of his work, Kashgari was proudest of his hometown, boasting that the Turkic dialect there was the "purest" and "most elegant" of them...