Word: bloodstream
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Chance. All that is known about the Rh factor has been learned since 1940, when it was found to occur in the blood of 85% of white people, more than 90% of Negroes. It causes trouble after Rh-positive blood (containing the factor) gets into the bloodstream of an Rh-negative woman (whose blood lacks the factor). This may happen either by transfusion or in carrying the child of an Rh-positive father. The woman's Rh-negative blood then develops antibodies to destroy the alien Rh factor. She may transmit these antibodies to her infant...
...force since 1898, when it was shown that malaria parasites (tiny protozoa of the genus Plasmodium) spend part of their life cycle in female Anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquito picks up the parasites from infected humans, nurtures them and injects them into fresh victims. The parasites run through the bloodstream of their victim, causing periodic fevers at the peak of their reproductive cycle; many lodge in the spleen, causing local pain...
...Public Health Reports, Dr. William H. Sebrell outlined the campaign's goal: not only to prevent goiter, but to spread the word that iodine is essential to bodily health. The thyroid gland takes up iodine from the bloodstream and uses it to form a hormone, thyroxine. In turn, thyroxine regulates many body functions, including heat production, brain development, sexual maturity, and the growth of hair, skin and bones. A shortage of such an element as iodine, said Dr. Sebrell, may not be indicated dramatically by serious illness: "Just as often, or oftener, the result may be lowered efficiency, nervousness...
...inhibitors. These two inhibitors are mysterious, complex substances, not yet isolated and still nameless. They serve as policemen, regulating the action of the two enzymes: rennin (found mainly in the stomach) and chymotrypsin (in the pancreas). Both the enzymes are ferments which curdle milk. Their inhibitors circulate in the bloodstream...
...carrying two tiny wooden boxes. Inside the boxes, carefully packed between a layer of mud and some wet weeds, were 200 tiny (¼-in. diameter) snails (Bullinus truncatus). The snails were heavily infested with larvae of the fluke Schistosoma haematobium, which burrows under the skin and travels through the bloodstream to nest in and around the bladder. The infestation causes Bilharziasis (a form of schistosomiasis), resulting in passage of blood in the urine. Half of Egypt's 19,000,000 people suffer from it; throughout Africa and Asia, an estimated 400 million people have related forms of schistosomiasis...