Word: ballast
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...about 1,200 men aboard Royal Oak, only 414 had been saved at latest reports, indicating that she had, when struck, gone down like a dumped ballast of pig iron. Question: How did it happen? Although one old battleship, the Britannia, was downed by submarines two days before the Armistice in 1918, not a single capital ship of the Grand Fleet was torpedoed by a submarine during the whole of the War, and anti-submarine tactics and technology are supposed to have vastly improved since then. In the absence of concrete information neutral naval experts were free to speculate. Best...
...Counting as tubes for advertising purposes "dummy or fake" tubes, "ballast" tubes, dial or other illuminating lamps...
...Diesel engines and crew with air when on the surface. (Undersea, battery-driven motors propel a submarine, stored air supplies the crew.) A Board of Inquiry thereafter recommended steps to find out whether an automatic, interlocking control could be developed so that when air valves were open, the ballast tanks which weight a submarine with water and make it dive could not be filled...
...made clear last week. Naval specialists lay down the specifications for submarines. The prosperous and secretive Electric Boat Co. builds some in its yards at Groton, Conn., consults closely on the construction of others in Navy Yards. The Navy found that operations of the air valve and ballast tanks could be interlocked for safety. But it also found that the machinery would be so bulky as to decrease a submarine's combat value, therefore decided (as usual in submarine designing) that military necessity came first...
Italy's annual tonnage through Suez (16.07% m 1937) is second only to Britain's 47.28%. Though 13 reductions in rates have been made since the World War, Italians still find Canal tolls ($1.38 per ton loaded, 71? in ballast) excessive. In addition, there is a charge of $1.38 for every adult passenger, 71? for every child between 3 and 12 years, using the Canal. Canadian Pacific's Empress of Britain has paid as high as $50,000 one way. Ships in ballast find it cheaper to return to Europe around the Cape of Good Hope. Worried...