Word: workings
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Dates: during 1990-1990
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...demonstrably second class. As naturalization was almost impossible, an expatriate's stay in the country depended on the whim of his employer. Noncitizens could be deported without recourse, and they frequently were when economic demand slackened or political crisis threatened. Foreigners could not own homes or land. Those who worked for the government were eligible for subsidized housing. Those employed in the private sector were forced to find lodgings on the open market, which often meant living in slums, since rents were exorbitant. In time, a housing apartheid grew, with some of the Palestinian neighborhoods dubbed "Gaza" and "the West...
...paper," says Hasan al-Ebraheem, a former Kuwaiti Education Minister. "But it has had awful repercussions." By the time of Saddam's invasion, the cleavage between Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis had worsened considerably. Foreigners account for more than 60% of Kuwait's population and more than 80% of its work force. "Oil exacerbated the underlying tensions," says Saad Eddin Ibrahim, an Egyptian political sociology professor at the American University in Cairo. "The fantastic wealth made all Kuwaitis keener on emphasizing their Kuwaitiness because being Kuwaiti meant enormous privileges...
...well under way. Assisted by about 50 U.S. Army civil-affairs reservists, the - cream of Kuwait's ministerial employees have been meeting quietly in a downtown Washington office building for six weeks. While Finance Minister Khalifa conceived the project and continues to monitor its progress, the day- to-day work is being directed by Fawzi al-Sultan, a Yale-educated Kuwaiti who has been a World Bank executive director since 1984. Every conceivable need is being addressed. Enough material to equip eight hospitals and a score of clinics, for example, is being purchased from U.S. and European medical- supply companies...
Self-reliance, efficiency, a genuine work ethic: ambitious goals that defy dissent. But how can they triumph over ba'dain...
...million. "The only way to exit the trap of dependency," says Tareq al- Suwaidan, the opposition leader, who wholeheartedly shares the planners' dreams of a new Kuwaiti demography, "is to make it impossible for people to be reliant on others. Most of those who have done the real work in the past will have to go. Then there will be no choice. The rest of us will have to do the hard work...