Word: viii
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...high plateau of papal collecting and patronage came in the 16th and 17th centuries. It lasted from the pontificate of Julius II (1503-13)-who commissioned the frescoes in the Stanze from Raphael and the Sistine frescoes from Michelangelo-through the reign of Clement VIII (1592-1605). In those years the most vivid and impressive aspects of papal taste came to their highest pitch, sometimes nearly bankrupting the papacy with the mania for the Antique, the demand for vast fresco cycles, fountains and pharaonic tombs, and the general love of lapis lazuli and gold...
...first man-o'-war of England's fledgling Royal Navy and a special source of pride to Henry VIII, founding genius of that noble institution. In 1509, Bluff King Hal named the 130-ft., 700-ton, four-masted carrack, which became the vice flagship of his royal fleet, Mary Rose, after his favorite sister. But on July 19, 1545, the willful monarch looked on appalled at Southsea Castle, near the historic naval town of Portsmouth, as the top-heavy Mary Rose capsized and sank in 40 ft. of water while repelling the attack of a French armada...
...meet with the Pope in the Vatican's Papal Apartments, five days after the Pontiff's return from his trip to Britain, and then fly by helicopter to meet with President Sandro Pertini at the Quirinale Palace, built in 1574 as a summer residence for Pope Gregory VIII. At the invitation of Queen Elizabeth, Reagan will be the first U.S. President since Woodrow Wilson to be a royal house guest. Another first will be a televised white-tie dinner for 160 guests in the castle's 185-ft.-long St. George's Hall...
...long-planned, historic six-day visit to Britain-the first by a Pontiff since the 1534 schism under King Henry VIII-obviously requires some difficult calculations. But informed Vatican sources were relatively confident that the Pontiff would proceed on schedule, unless the fighting in the South Atlantic escalates dramatically. As one Vatican official puts it, "If there were an absolute state of [all-out] war, that would be different. He would have to dissociate himself from that. But he has constantly stressed that his visit is a pastoral visit," which by Vatican thinking means that the Pope could tour England...
...during the stormy reign of King Henry VIII, the play revolves around the events leading up to Sir Thomas More's execution for refusing to sanction Henry's divorce of his first wife to marry his mistress Anne Boleyn. Henry doesn't require More's permission as his chancellor to marry again: he merely wants the approval of his friend to the point he will kill More if he doesn't sign his name to a piece of paper, condoning the marriage...