Word: validation
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Dates: during 1990-1990
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...take the hallucinogenic drug peyote as a religious practice. Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the majority, said that the First Amendment freedom of religion did not allow individuals to break the law: "We have never held that an individual's religious beliefs excuse him from compliance with an otherwise valid law prohibiting conduct that the state is free to regulate." Native American groups were quick to protest the ruling, saying that use of peyote in religious ceremonies predated the Constitution...
...that time I was just thinking," says Hartman -- which was just as well. His books and monographs are models of clarity. He writes "like Jacob wrestling with the angel," says the philosopher Michael Walzer. "He holds that experience no less than tradition can be a valid source of theological inspiration and that one need not be religious to be ethical...
Unfortunately, the staff's proposal does not live up to this goal. The proposed joint student-faculty committee would employ two criteria in assigning performance space: potential to draw crowds and "artistic merit." The first of these is valid--in fact, it is the only fair criterion. The second smacks of subjectivity and paternalism...
...either failed to realize or just ignored that the arguments for divestment made in 1986 are just as valid in 1990. The divestment movement has used the 1986 report as an intellectual basis for its ongoing activism...
...German case, concern is based on the assumption that aggression and fascism are in some way the result of genetic defects that particularly afflict Germans. If not in the genes, another line of thinking holds, perhaps the evil is rooted in national character. Neither notion is scientifically valid. "You can't talk about something genetically wrong with the German people," says Moshe Zimmerman, professor of German history at Jerusalem's Hebrew University. "All the characteristics attributed to Germans may be found in Swiss, Americans and others." Defining national character is risky business and leads to stereotyping; though countries do have...