Word: turkmenistan
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...question that has ignited a tense struggle in the region and beyond. The coastal states of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan gained their independence when the Soviet empire collapsed. All three want to exploit the riches under their sea without interference from Russia and Iran, the two other states that rim the Caspian. As major oil and gas producers, Russia and Iran are not overjoyed at their neighbors' good fortune...
...million national debt get you down? Last fall SAPARMURAD NIYAZOV, the President of Turkmenistan, wanted an official plane for a state visit to Beijing. Though his country is saddled with that substantial debt, and although at least one bank refused a request to finance the purchase, Turkmenistan still wound up buying a pricey Boeing 737-300 by tapping into a multimillion-dollar German bank account with its share of the former Soviet Union's oil and gas pipeline proceeds. The new plane's cost: $40 million...
...states have learned that it is not enough to establish a presidential form of rule if there are not local democratic traditions to sustain it. During the past year, new Presidents have been overthrown in the former republics of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Tajikistan. In the Central Asian nation of Turkmenistan, President Saparmurad Niyazov is reviving the tradition of the communist personality cult, complete with marching columns of youths dressed in T shirts emblazoned with his portrait...
...through 1994 projected [TMFONT 1 d #666666 d {Sources: PlanEcon; U.S. State Dept.}]CAPTION: ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN BELARUS ESTONIA GEORGIA KAZAKHSTAN KYRGYZSTAN LATVIA LITHUANIA MOLDOVA RUSSIA TAJIKISTAN TURKMENISTAN UKRAINE UZBEKISTAN
With so many suitors, the newly independent states have been wary of making geopolitical commitments. Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan, wants his country to be "politically like Switzerland, but in the heart of Asia." Foreign Minister Abdu Kuliyev believes Turkmenistan should be "neither Islamic nor Soviet but a secular, democratic state." President Nursultan * Nazarbayev thinks Kazakhstan, which stretches from the Volga region of Russia to the western borders of China, should be a bridge between Europe and Asia. Says he: "We want to enter the democratic world like any other state...