Word: trialing
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...powerful idea, and there was some intriguing early evidence suggesting that something as simple as popping vitamin D might hold off the second biggest cancer killer among American women - breast cancer. So researchers were expecting to see positive results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), the first controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D on breast cancer...
...women participating in the WHI - a multiyear government trial investigating a range of women's health issues, from hormone therapy to heart disease, cancer and fracture risk - half were given 1,000 mg of calcium and 400s IU of vitamin D daily, while the other half were not. After seven years, 528 women in the supplement group and 546 women in the control group had developed invasive breast cancer, an equivalent rate, indicating no effect from the vitamin D. Earlier observational trials had found positive links between women's taking higher amounts of supplemental vitamin D and lower breast-cancer...
...thing, the dose of vitamin D supplementation used in the trial, 400 IUs, was relatively low. In the years since the study began in 1993, nutritionists have learned much more about the critical role that vitamin D plays in a wide range of cellular functions, and many now recommend up to 2,000 IUs daily for adults. Most people get very little vitamin D from their diet - the richest sources of the vitamin are dairy products and green leafy vegetables - so supplementation is the only way to reach recommended levels. "Four hundred IUs is just not a lot," says...
...were allowed to continue taking their vitamin D supplements for bone health (some were taking up to 600 IUs per day), which could explain why there was little difference between the two groups in breast-cancer rates. "This is a potential problem that confounds the results of this particular trial," says Dr. Powel Brown, a professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and author of an editorial accompanying the study. "But it's not really ethical to tell postmenopausal women not to take vitamin D or calcium, because we know it protects against hip fractures." Future studies, he says...
...million loss and to fire nearly all of his radio-station staff. Worse still, Gaydamak, supposedly the model for the title role in the movie The Lord of War (starring Nicolas Cage as an arms dealer in Africa), is one of 42 high-profile defendants on trial in France for illegally shipping weapons to Angola in the 1990s. Gaydamak chose not to attend those proceedings. (See pictures of Israel...