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Americans tend to be very self-conscious about this sort of thing. Some patients don't even want to close their eyes. But surgery gives people an incentive to try new things, and a significant percentage of our patients take us up on our offer--to their benefit. We've done randomized trials in which some patients get tapes like these and others get sham mantras--meaningless scripts of random phrases. What we've discovered is that the words don't matter. The patients who do the best--in terms of managing pain and reducing anxiety--are the ones...
...Beck, daughter of Aaron and herself a leading cognitive therapist. "Psychoanalysis is esoteric and creative and interesting, and the psychoanalyst holds himself up as the expert who interprets what the patient is saying and has all the answers. It's kind of the opposite in cognitive therapy." Cognitive therapists tend to follow the same basic script for each session, so the treatment is remarkably standardized. It's also remarkably effective; research shows that when it comes to treating depression, cognitive therapy works as well as drugs like Prozac. And though it's not quite as quick as antidepressants, the results...
...More than 11 million Americans already take some form of antidepressant.) It's a question that arises only because SSRIs are relatively mild and subtle medications. There are plenty of drugs that can make you feel better, at least temporarily--alcohol and heroin come immediately to mind--but they tend to be addictive or toxic or both. Prozac is neither...
While solutions are elusive, the pathological arc of PDs is predictable. They tend to show up after age 18, striking men and women equally--though gender may influence which of the 10 disorders a person develops. The disorders are grouped into three subcategories, and of these, the so-called dramatic cluster--borderline, antisocial, narcissistic and histrionic disorders--is the best known. But it's the borderlines who cause doctors--to say nothing of families--the most headaches...
Diagnosing mental disorders has always been a tricky business, with doctors often relying on little more than observation, experience and the occasional hunch. Once the labels are applied, however, they stick, and medical texts tend to accept the results as truth--reporting, say, that two times as many women suffer from depression as men or that twice as many men suffer from alcoholism. Similarly, women are said to be more prone to anxiety disorders, while men may lean toward conditions stemming from impulsiveness and violence...