Word: syria
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...history, however, the glory didn't last. The order lost its purpose and credibility when the Muslim warrior Saladin drove the Crusaders from Jerusalem in 1187, setting the Templars on a path of retreat that saw them give up their last Mid-Eastern foothold, in what is now Syria, in 1303. From there, the decline was precipitous: The Templars failed in an effort to take control of Cyprus, and then, in 1307, Philip IV of France found it more convenient to order the arrest and torture of the Templars to extract confessions of heresy than to repay his heavy debts...
...said University of Pennsylvania professor Josef W. Wegner, who conducted research with Rossel in Egypt. “It was wonderful to have such a sparkling personality out in the Egyptian desert,” he said. Rossel, who is a Danish citizen, had also conducted field research in Syria, Turkey, and Sudan, said one of her advisers at Harvard, Richard H. Meadow ’68. Rossel came to Harvard after receiving her bachelor’s degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1999. She earned a master’s in anthropology in 2002 and would have...
...forced to flee their homes as a result of the Iraq war and the continuing instability there. About 2.2 million of those refugees have left home only to resettle elsewhere in Iraq, while the other half of the refugee population has left the country entirely. Iran, Egypt, Yemen, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have absorbed the largest number of refugees...
...Unsurprisingly, life outside of Iraq does not appear to be easy for these new-comers. The last three countries listed—Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon—do not allow incoming Iraqis to work, nor were the countries a part of the 1951 Refugee Convention allowed for the UNHCR to play a more supportive role...
...burden placed on the citizens of these host countries is enormous. The populations of Syria and Jordan have ballooned as a result of the influx of Iraqis, and because many refugees sneak in, there is a great deal of social friction between populations. Conflicts are likely to carry over across borders disrupting once peaceful communities...