Word: steels
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...chairs completed a picture of serenity. For inmates and their watchers alike, it was a far cry from the dank, forbidding, Victorian-style Suffolk County House of Correction they had left behind on the banks of Boston Harbor. Gone were the five tiers of cages, the earsplitting clash of steel against steel as hundreds of cell doors slammed shut in unison; gone was the cavernous, clattering mess hall, whose ambiance was an invitation to riot. Sheriff Rufo and Boston had just bought into the new architecture of justice...
Modern prison design has been evolving since the late '60s, when the federal Bureau of Prisons first tried replacing dangerous linear tiers of steel cages with rectangular modules of cells built around common rooms manned by officers. The results were dramatic: violence among inmates and between inmates and officers decreased. Prisoners no longer controlled the jails. Some state prisons, wary of exposing guards directly to inmates, modified the design, positioning guards as observers in secure booths. The results were less successful: inmates, still isolated, remained in control. In 1981 California's Contra Costa County jail was the first county jail...
Rufo fumes when he hears the new environs derided as "glamour slammers," as they are by critics who argue that it is politically unwise to make convicts so comfortable. Explains Denver-based criminal-justice consultant Ray Nelson: "Carpeting on the floors, ceramic rather than steel toilets, coordinated uniforms, wooden cell doors are all cost-effective. Besides, amenities send a message of expectation of behavior, a message that works." Included in the concept is another reversal of conventional wisdom: a stretch in jail may actually rehabilitate. So convinced is Rufo that literacy training can reduce recidivism that he shepherded...
From West Philadelphia to the steel mills, Ignatiev had never experienced the kind of interaction and exchange of ideas that he has in his role as a tutor...
...experts dispute that Chapter 11 cases can run up huge -- and often excessive -- legal and professional fees, especially when big companies are involved. LTV Corp., a steel and aerospace conglomerate, which had sales of $6 billion last year, has forked out more than $100 million in legal fees since it entered Chapter 11 in 1986 yet remains mired in debt. As the megacase grinds on, LTV's bills are piling up at the astonishing rate of $2.5 million a month...