Word: steam
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...after almost two months of rumbling and sputtering, the show was spectacular enough that it hardly required an encore for a century or so. But last week the seemingly inexhaustible volcano gave another lively performance. A second major eruption shook the mountain over the Memorial Day weekend, and steam and ash belched forth in fitful bursts throughout the week. More ominously, seismologists detected tremors originating from deep within the volcano's molten rock core, another sign of restlessness...
...power plant goes "on line" next week for the first time when it starts to privde chilled water and steam heat to some of the 13 institutions in the Medical Area it is designed to serve. But MATEP won't be churning out the thousands of kilowatts in electricity that it must produce to be cost-and energy-efficient. Designed to replace the ancient (circa 1909) facility which has serviced the Medical Area for 20 years longer than it should have, the key to the new plant is cogeneration--its ability to produce three types of power from one central...
Community fears over the plant's allegedly dangerous emissions continued to plague efforts to install the diesel engines which MATEP needs in order to be cost- and energy-efficient. Worse yet, cost of the cogeneration plant--slated to provide chilled water, steam and electricity to 13 institutions in Harvard's medical area--continued to balloon from a 1976 estimate of $40 million to almost $200 million this year...
These windows have lately been providing a fascinating view. From studies of the rock, gas, steam and ash belched from the earth, scientists have gained new knowledge about how minerals are formed, where promising geothermal resources may be located, even how the inner churnings of the earth are altering its surface. Not the least of the benefits is that the investigations can hone the skills of volcanologists in predicting future eruptions...
...magma, is lighter than neighboring and slowly rises, often triggering earth tremors. Eventually the magma may break through the surface as lava. In some cases, like that of Mount St. Helens, the magma remains in pools under the mountain, but still releases enough heat to cause explosive ejections of steam, fumes and ashes. The mountain literally blows its top. Eruptions may also occur where the plates tear apart. One such place is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, site of Iceland's volcanoes. Finally, there are volcanoes, like those of the Hawaiian Islands, that form far from plate boundaries. One theory...