Word: sputnikly
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Pecking Order. In the post-Sputnik era, Ph.D.s were often touted as national heroes-proof that Americans could outlearn Russians. Now they seem to be multiplying faster than jobs geared to their skills. This year U.S. universities will produce 29,000 Ph.D.s-3,000 more than last year, and more than three times the number graduated just ten years ago. Yet M.I.T. Physics Professor Lee Grodzins estimates that the entire country has only 3,000 good academic research or teaching posts in physics. Meantime, graduate schools are turning out 300 new Ph.D.s in physics each year. To some extent, overproduction...
Besides broadcasting the Maoist unofficial anthem ("The East is Red, the sun rises, Mao Tse-tung comes out in the East . . ."), the latest satellite was roughly twice the size of the earliest 1957-vintage Russian Sputnik 1. Its launching demonstrated that China has joined the ranks of the U.S., the Soviet Union, France and Japan in developing both rocketry and electronic gear capable of such a feat...
...changes drastically, it will be unable to solve its grave problems. Citing such signs as a rise in alcoholism and drug addiction as symptoms of Russia's malaise, Sakharov wrote: "At the end of the '50s our country was first in the world to have launched the Sputnik and send a man into space. At the end of the '60s we have lost our leadership, and the Americans have become the first to land on the moon. Now, at the start of the '70s, we see that having failed to catch up with America...
Launched on Jan. 31, 1958, more than three months after the Soviet Union's 184-lb. Sputnik I, the 30.8-lb. Explorer had at first seemed a puny competitor for the huge Soviet satellites. But, equipped with a Geiger counter and two radio transmitters, it sent back evidence that had escaped the Russians -the data that enabled State University of Iowa Physicist James Van Allen to discover the radiation belts that bear his name...
...called basic research in the U.S. mushroomed after the Soviets' first Sputnik in 1957. From 1958 through 1965, federal expenditures for basic research increased at an annual rate of 19%, climbing from $"1 billion to $3 billion. For the next five years, however, the average increase was only 5.5% -boosting the annual sum to its present $4 billion-and that has been barely enough to keep up with inflation...