Word: spent
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...from higher oil prices, and several factors make the crunch particularly painful in Asia. The vast majority of countries in the region are net importers of oil. Only Malaysia and Vietnam are able to produce enough crude to be net sellers. In addition, several Asian governments for years have spent billions of dollars subsidizing fuel costs to keep it cheap for their poor and often quarrelsome citizens. But oil is now so expensive that subsidies and price controls are increasingly impossible to maintain. Over the last two weeks, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have announced they are reducing...
...Manipulating markets is a luxury that governments increasingly cannot afford. The Indian government spent almost $9 billion last year on fuel subsidies, adding to the country's budget deficit. State-run gasoline retailers have been losing billions of dollars as well because they are forced to sell to consumers at prices set by New Delhi. When the three largest state-owned oil companies warned recently that they would soon run out of money to import oil, the government finally raised price caps...
...been a happy one. In mainland China design was, for a long time, an instrument of socialist propaganda, and to be a graphic designer was to be a sort of mechanic, running chunky, graceless type across posters of model peasants or valiant soldiers. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, designers spent much of the 20th century toiling in the service of another omnipotent master - the export market, which required packaging and other printed matter produced strictly to Western specifications and sensibilities. Questions of form, style and color were not settled upon locally, but in British or American head offices...
...book consists of applied graphics - the retail posters, brochures, advertisements, packaging and point-of-sale material that are the designer's daily duty. Instead, the work is mostly theoretical: experimental typography, avant-garde illustration and imaginary commissions. One can, to some degree, condone this editorial policy. Having spent the past few decades preoccupied with either communism, industry or cultural identity, Chinese designers deserve the freedom to simply play with form. But at the same time theirs is a practical art, meant for the unglamorous business of mass communications, and unless we see them excelling in that context, the pieces here...
...that, Gwat, 29, considers himself a lucky man. With no high school education, he spent several years driving a cab for a taxi company in Yaoundé, earning about four dollars a day - and used that income to put his four younger brothers through high school. Then, a few months ago he borrowed $1,000, quit his job, and bought himself a cab of his own: One of the thousands of battered yellow Toyotas which make up the main transportation infrastructure of Yaoundé, a city of more than 1 million people. It cost Gwat another $50 to customize...