Word: shahs
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...have had more impact abroad than at home. This year 100,000 Iranians are studying in other countries?more than 37,000 in the U.S. alone?because there is no room for them at their own universities. Angered and articulate, they have formed a vocal vanguard against the Shah in almost every major city in the world, airing their opposition with slogans in the London subway or demonstrations in Los Angeles, Washington or New York City. Many wear masks when they demonstrate for fear that agents of SAVAK, the heavyhanded Iranian secret police, or authorities in other countries will gather...
...foreign students express anything but scorn for the Shah and condemnation of his U.S. supporters. Says Phyllis Bennis, a California attorney representing 165 Iranian students who were arrested in a Los Angeles demonstration last week: "Iran has been made a prime market in the Middle East. The Shah is a tool of the U.S. corporations." Others charge that the Shah's modernization program is largely a myth. "People are fighting with the regime because the Shah never did make land reforms," insists Farhad Ehya, a spokesman for the Iranian Student Organization at U.C.L.A. "Whatever he did, he took back...
...Shah has often been criticized for enjoying a sumptuous life-style while his people suffer economic distress. His Imperial Majesty, Shahanshah (King of Kings) is, at 58, trim and fit. He and his wife, Empress Farah, 40, Crown Prince Reza, 18, and three other children, shuttle among five palaces in Iran. The Shah enjoys a good game of tennis, skiing at St. Moritz, and flying his own JetStar. He works even harder than he plays, frequently putting in 15-hour days, which are often spent conferring with a handful of trusted advisers...
...country he inherited 37 years ago was not only backward and riven by tribal conflict but notoriously unstable: there had not been a single peaceful succession since Cyrus the Great in the 6th century B.C. In the two decades before his army officer father, Reza Shah, seized power in a military coup in 1921, there had been five different Shahs, a civil war and several coups d'état. In 1941 the Shah's father, a German sympathizer, was forced to abdicate when the Allies needed a secure route to channel war supplies to Russia. British and Soviet forces occupied...
...national integrity secured, the Shah turned to the task of modernization. His achievements?often accomplished by plainly dictatorial methods and at times torture and terror?were remarkable. When the Shah came to power, Iran's illiteracy rate was 95%; today it is 50%. In the 1940s the school population was about 275,000, and Iran had only one institute of higher education; this year a notably improved educational system will receive 10 million pupils, and there are now some 200 colleges and universities. As recently as 1960, only 2% of Iran's women had attended a university; today, women make...