Word: secretariats
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...power to nominate, subject to the Pope's approval, new bishops for most of the world. He is the first black prelate ever to head a major Vatican office. For good measure, the Pope summoned another African, Archbishop Francis Arinze of Nigeria, to run the Vatican Secretariat for non-Christians, one of the second-echelon offices in the bureaucracy...
...steady rise of the Soviet military Establishment over the past decade has enhanced Ustinov's power, it may ultimately keep him from becoming party leader. Ustinov does not currently have a foothold in the Secretariat. Indeed, the aging defense planner may be too closely linked to the military for the comfort of many party bureaucrats. Says Daniel Papp of the Georgia Institute of Technology: "Some people will oppose Ustinov for precisely the same reason that others will support him, because of his strong identification with the military-industrial complex of the Soviet Union...
...peasants from the rich farming region of Stavropol in southwest Russia, Gorbachev holds a law degree from Moscow State University and another degree in agronomy from the Stavropol Agricultural Institute. His knowledge of farming, the weak link in Soviet economic planning, won him a place in the Secretariat and catapulted him into the Politburo's inner circle at the tender age of 49. Continuing failures on the farm have cut short the careers of past agricultural experts, but Gorbachev appears to be flourishing even though he has presided over a string of bad harvests (before the much improved 200 million...
...Moscow, he earned a degree through correspondence courses and night school. Romanov eventually became leader of the Leningrad party organization and was promoted to full membership in the Politburo when he was only 53. In June 1983 he was brought to Moscow to assume a post on the Secretariat, strengthening his position as a contender. Looking dapper and self-assured with every strand of his silver hair in place, Romanov delivered the main address at the Kremlin gathering five months later to mark the 66th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution...
...Brezhnev's health began to falter, Andropov's influence with the Kremlin's inner circle grew. In May 1982, Andropov was relieved of his position as head of the KGB and promoted to the spot on the party's powerful Central Committee Secretariat that had been left vacant by the death of Ideologist Mikhail Suslov. It was seen as a move to "launder" Andropov for the top party post. When Brezhnev died six months later, Andropov had lined up enough support to beat back the challenge of Konstantin Chernenko, who was widely believed to be Brezhnev...