Word: sabbath
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Orthodoxy lives by the letter of God's law. It accepts every word of the Hebrew Bible as divinely inspired and insists that the God-fearing Jew must keep every one of the 613 rules of Halaka-the Scripture-based religious law that forbids servile work on the Sabbath, prohibits the eating of meat and dairy food at the same meal, and prescribes ritual bathing for men and women at certain times. Until a generation ago, Orthodox Jewry was also distinguished by its hostility and indifference to the secular world, and its adherents lived clannishly together in urban ghettos...
...languages and worshiped their God according to the divergent traditions of myriad Jewish sects. Though many modern Jews pay only lip service to their religion, Orthodox Jews dominated Israeli society and lawmaking from the first, are responsible for the many restrictions and proscriptions (no public bus service on the Sabbath, the refusal of restaurants to serve milk and meat at the same meal) that make Israel a sort of secular theocracy...
...throw a monkey wrench into it and send it down a time tunnel. Go back to Benedictine monasteries, where work was a "byword for zealous efficiency and formal perfection." Discover new prophets of "modest, humane disposition," like Jesus and Confucius. Establish new routines, such as the Hebrew Sabbath that "found a way of obstructing the megamachine and challenging its inflated claims." Abandon the modern constitutional equivalents of ancient kingships and revert to Neolithic culture. In other words, Mumford would perfect man with weaving, pottery and thatched-village anarchy...
...singing of the national anthem. National Guardsmen in Da mascus had a fine time stopping all traffic on the city's wide boulevards and ordering everyone to take shelter-even though nothing more ominous appeared in the sky than a few vultures. In Israel, though it was the Sabbath, on which traveling is a profanation to the Orthodox, students from Talmudic academies jumped into trucks bound for the frontiers with the solemn exhortation of noted Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook ringing in their ears: "Go! This is a matter of saving life, for which the Sabbath may lawfully be desecrated...
Instituted last January, the midweek free day has caught on so well at Emory that both students and faculty refer to it as "Wonderful Wednesday." Initially puzzled by what to do with their unexpected leisure, some students turned Wednesday into a midweek Sabbath, spent their mornings sleeping off Tuesday night's beer party. For others, though, Wednesday has turned out to be the busiest time of the week, and the library is always jammed with students catching up on assigned reading. "When I want to use a desk in the stacks, I have to get there early," says...