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...other states, however, it's the extra volatility that comes from dependence on personal-income tax that is exacerbating the problem. Research by economists at the Chicago Fed show that by the late 1990s, the personal-income tax had emerged as the major source of state revenue - and that personal-income tax swings more wildly than other taxes, like sales tax. The typical state now gets 36% of its funding from personal-income tax, according to the Rockefeller Institute of Government. As unemployment continues to climb and investors offset their capital gains with losses, the effect is felt disproportionately...
...that the field is flourishing, to use a favorite word of positive psychologists. Planners had hoped for 800 attendees and got twice that number, with psychologists, educators and students from more than 50 countries descending upon the City of Brotherly Love. There were signs that findings by positive psychology researchers had begun to influence economics, education and even government policy in some countries. But it was also clear that some of the heady findings from the infancy of the field had been oversimplified, and that later research has become more nuanced. (See 20 ways to get and stay healthy...
...change. At Carnegie Mellon, for instance, psychologist Sheldon Cohen has been exploring exactly how positive emotions affect the body. (This is the flip side of previous work by Cohen and others linking stress, Type-A behavior and negative emotions to lowered immunity, heart disease and shorter lifespan.) Cohen's research shows that people with a "positive emotional style" have better immunity to cold and influenza viruses when exposed in the lab. His most recent work, presented at the conference, suggests that this is mainly due to the release of optimal levels of cytokines, proteins that regulate the immune response...
...Once again, there was a correlation between longevity and positive emotions, but in the newer study the relationship held only for "active" expressions of emotion, such as "excited," "thrilled" and "delighted" as opposed to passive emotions like "pleased" and "calm." Falling in line with other recent social research in the elderly, the analysis found that language indicating strong social relationships was powerfully associated with longer life. (See how to prevent illness...
Kington said that the NIH would continue to review its guidelines for funding eligibility - in particular, regarding cell lines derived from embryos created outside the IVF process. "We know there is strong sentiment in this country for supporting federal funding of research involving cell lines from embryos created for reproductive purposes that otherwise would be destroyed," said Kington. "We don't believe there has been public discussion yet of the ethical guidelines regarding alternative sources of embryonic stem cells. We will reconsider the guidelines as science evolves, and as the public discussion over the ethical principles evolves...