Word: repeals
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WHILE PRESIDENT CARTER'S recent repeal of the Byrd Amendment permitting U.S. importation of Rhodesian chrome--a move that will increase white Rhodesia's economic isolation and strengthen the position of the Zimbabwean freedom fighters--suggests that the administration may be developing a new policy in Africa, the recent gift of almost $4 million in weapons and aid to Zaire inspires a less optimistic interpretation of American goals...
...repeal of the Byrd Amendment is essentially symbolic. American reliance on Rhodesian chrome dropped from 11 per cent of the amount used in the U.S. to 3 per cent last year; and Union Carbide, which owns most of the major Rhodesian chrome mines, recently completed construction of a chrome refinery in South Africa and will be able to continue importing Rhodesian chrome in finished form to America through that channel. The move seems designed simply to win the friendship of the Zimbabwean freedom fighters, whose victory in Rhodesia seems inevitable; it certainly represents no sacrifice on America's part...
Chrome Boycott. At week's end, as Young headed back to Washington, the Carter Administration threw its full support behind a bill to repeal the Byrd Amendment. Under that act, sponsored by Senator Harry F. Byrd Jr., the U.S. has been importing Rhodesian chrome, in violation of a U.N. trade boycott, since 1971. Though many nations-including the Soviet Union and four other East European countries, according to allegations contained in a recent U.N. Sanctions Committee report -have been breaking the boycott on chrome clandestinely, the Byrd Amendment's open defiance of the U.N. sanctions has caused great...
Nevertheless, the repeal of the Byrd amendment could signal a new phase in the politics of southern Africa. The negotiations between Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith's white-minority government and leaders of the black nationalist movement became deadlocked last month, and no one seems sure of the direction events are going to take. Smith's feelers toward moderate blacks may result in a black-white coalition if Bishop Muzorewa or Reverend Sithole accept the offers; but none of the three have control over the Zimbabwean freedom fighters, whose leaders have said repeatedly they will not accept a transition government...
...direction. The Front has accepted support from the Soviet Union, but without some support the freedom fighters could not hope to overthrow the white regime. And the U.S. is not likely to permit the Front to nationalize American businesses in Zimbabwe without offering other alternatives. Vance's effort to repeal the Byrd amendment, thus assuring the black nationalists that the U.S. supports them in their negotiations and is friendly to their cause, is a natural step to opening communication with the freedom fighters...