Word: reforms
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Dates: during 1950-1950
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...Land reform in Italy is a desperate human need and an almost insuperable problem. The Communists propose their usual Draconian solution: confiscate and redistribute large estates, eventually collectivize. The middleway Christian Democratic government of Premier Alcide de Gasperi rejects revolution for evolution...
...past year De Gasperi has been pushing a comprehensive land reform act through Parliament. Its core: buy out large landholdings, cut them into small plots (about 15 acres), help the peasantry to buy and cultivate them. The political, financial, administrative and technical difficulties are staggering. For example, some localities suffer now from too much fragmentation of land ownership; in others, the land must first have irrigation, fertilizers, etc. The slowness of the government program led last fall and spring to peasant seizures of land, especially in southern Italy, where conditions are most depressing. Blood was shed, and the Communists shouted...
Russell is also an ardent social philosopher. He has never advocated radical reform, however, because he was afraid such reform might be accompanied by totalitarianism. The philosopher was deprived of his fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge, during the first world war, and put in jail because of his pacifist views and statements...
...powers to effect administrative reform within government departments...
...Pleven was pushing electoral reform. In place of proportional representation, a clumsy failure because it encourages multiple-party paralysis, the Premier proposed a "système majoritaire," which would build up a few strong parties at the expense of the weakest. Pleven was determined to fight for this program, even if it meant his downfall...