Word: reflection
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Dates: during 1990-1990
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These themes in turn reflect deeper strategies that foundations often develop to help guide their funding support...
These words, written by Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan in a 1976 case, reflect the vigilance against censorship that has pervaded the Court's attitude for most of this century. The American judicial system has long recognized prior restraint of speech as antithetical to the principles of democracy. But a decision last week proved a dangerous departure from that tradition. By refusing to strike down a ban on broadcast of the so-called Noriega tapes, the Court gave encouragement to those would seek further regulation of the press...
...infamous Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is a case in point. The SAT, as numerous educational experts have argued, is geared towards the experiences of middle-class students. The themes and concepts addressed in the verbal parts of the test, for example, reflect an upbringing in a suburban white community. In doing so, they place inner-city Black and Hispanic children at a disadvantage. This bias is doubly relevant in the case of foreign students who have not even experienced a Western upbringing...
...invade, contain and ultimately neutralize Iraq as a military threat, would take 1 million American troops. To anyone familiar with the war planners' imperative to be ready for any contingency, the figure is not startling. The White House has been told of the Pentagon's estimates; the figures reflect the fear generated by the U.S. failure in Vietnam that without massive battlefield superiority at specified points, the U.S. could easily get bogged down in the Persian Gulf...
...officials deny that the SATs propagate inequity and reflect bias. The fact that upper-income whites score higher than lower-income minorities, they contend, reflects society's imbalances, not the exams'. ETS notes that 400 people of varying backgrounds check every SAT question during 10 review stages and eliminate any that are found to be biased. "To say these tests are biased because results vary," says Gary Saretzky, chief of ETS's sensitivity-review process, "is like blaming the thermometer for the fever...