Word: realism
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Lamenting the emphasis in American on "self-reliance" and "individual initiative." Horner said that few people have "acknowledged the possibility that the capacity for cooperation, mutual support and interdependence may well now be a sign of strength, self confidence maturity and realism...
Okun's arguments are open to dispute. But he has set something of a standard of realism for liberals by considering seriously the cost in efficiency of egalitarian reforms-and by conceding candidly that the inherent conflict between equality and efficiency cannot be solved, but only made more bearable...
...which obstinately refused to undergo any transformations after Stalin's death. The Czechs, unlike the Poles and Hungarians in 1956, did not experience even a brief period of destalinization. The artists of the '60s challenged the Zhdanovian ideological norms imposed on any creative activity. Instead of "socialist realism" that portrayed a prison labor camp as a "pioneering project in the building of socialism," Czech artists presented their perception of reality: a devastating attack on the Stalinist system...
...since their chances of making films depended so much on political conditions. But Liehm's book is not a long and dreary story of the artists' struggle against censorship. He shows how the post-Stalinist state, affected by the "disintegration" of the official ideology (including the dogmas of "socialist realism") ended up preferring strictly non-political art, while art in general and film in particular were playing an eminently political role as demystifiers of ideologies. In this global perspective of subtle interplay of politics and culture, Liehm sees the history of post war Czech film from the point of view...
...just landing). The overjoyed foreman, immediately recognizes the sound and shouts gratefully, "It's them!" Then, as the script indicates, the noise of the engines swells to a crescendo and "grows into an optimistic chorus of heavenly voices." Even Zhdanov would have considered this as sabotage of "socialist realism...