Word: rails
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...British Governor-General's nose in the federation's plight, burly Federation Prime Minister Sir Roy Welensky then rose to rail at Britain's "unparalleled treachery and deceit." Chin out, fists clenched, his voice trembling with anger, Welensky cried, "The interests of the white man and the ordinary moderate African in his thousands are being sacrificed in a long-drawn-out act of appeasement which puts Munich in the shade!" He charged that Britain intends the continent as a whole to "be handed over to racialism, whether the cost be a Congo or an Algiers...
...miners the union scale. In eastern Kentucky, however, where the coal rarely comes in veins more than two and a half feet wide, the immediate need for machinery was not clear. Finding it impossible to agree to the United Mine Worker's terms, most of the operators of the rail mines (mines which deliver coal directly to a railroad loading station or tipple) sub-leased their coal rights to smaller operators, often union miners. These men set up small, one-tunnel mines producing from 50-150 tons per day of coal and employing usually no more than a dozen...
When the UMW produced its 1950 wage contract, Reed decided he could not meet its terms. Closing his rail mines, he leased his land to truck operators, thinking this would be the best way to produce the maximum amount of coal and jobs. The truck mines, he explains, while not able to pay union wages, "do provide a living for men who otherwise would not have a job." In fact, he is certain that a man shovelling coal in a truck mine is earning better wages than unskilled or semi-skilled workers in other industries...
Contrasting sharply with the unhappiness and poverty in Hazard and McDowell is nearby Wheelwright, Ky., and perhaps this contrast is a stimulus to the agitation. Wheelwright is owned by Inland Steel, which operates a large, highly mechanized rail mine. Inland miners work under a UMW contract and live in a town benevolently managed by Inland. Except for the fact that a private company rather than a State is the economic planner, Wheelwright closely resembles a model for a socialist city. Comfortable houses are rented to the miners at rates (about $25 a month) which do not even cover maintenance...
Better Blends. A good example of the coal-rail partnership is the Norfolk & Western, which runs coal directly to port out of the rich Appalachian fields. In operation at Hampton Roads is the first of two units of N. & W.'s $25 million coal Pier 6, the world's largest coal-loading fa cility. Its huge conveyor belts are capable of carrying coal to ships at a maximum rate of 20,000 tons an hour. Among oth er modern improvements, the pier also "custom-blends" coal for customers, not unlike a careful mixing of Turkish and Virginia tobaccos...