Word: rails
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...week's air activity cost North Viet Nam far more. Bombing relentlessly as close as 18 miles from the Chinese border, the U.S. jets smashed rail depots, rolling stock and miles of track. They turned the two railroad lines that carry Red Chinese supplies to Hanoi into a smoking junkyard of twisted steel. Fanning out, they also clobbered bridges and power stations...
...little if any" of it comes in by sea. Haiphong is a "convenience rather than a necessity" for imports, and even if all 400 miles of North Vietnamese coast could be interdicted, "North Viet Nam would still be able to import over 8,400 tons a day by road, rail and waterway." McNamara noted that the U.S. had long ago destroyed Haiphong's petroleum off-loading facilities. As a result, Hanoi now unloads petroleum from tankers sitting offshore. Barges float the fuel in by night, and Hanoi has "no evidence of an oil shortage...
Turning the Screw. The raids were part of the Administration's newly ex panded list of Northern targets. Starting with the successful attack a fort night ago against Hanoi's Paul Doumer rail and highway bridge, the missions were planned to apply yet another turn of the screw against North Viet Nam's vital rail system. Though the U.S. has long been attacking the railways south of the buffer zone, Hanoi still imports the vast bulk of its war materiel by train. While petroleum, food and fertilizer imports come in mostly by sea, the rail system...
...with two to five planes in each mission) in 1966; so far this year, nearly 22,000 missions have been flown. In addition to the thousands of trucks, railroad cars and sampans that have been destroyed, the five jet airfields bombed and the hundreds of miles of roads and rail lines severed, other prime targets have included...
...usually a marked decline in public services: schools close down, medical aid disappears, roads are cut and sabotaged. As they liberate the peasants from Saigon's "oppression," the Viet Cong demand far more than Saigon would dare ask. Taxes are several times higher, and though the Viet Cong rail against the government's draft laws, which conscript young men at 20 for three years' service, the Communists take boys as young as 14 and 15 for service until the end of a war that they predict may last another 20 years. Promises of a better life and a certain Viet...