Word: quantum
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...somehow, Russian science managed to survive. The party might elevate such quacks as the former charwoman, Olga Lepeshinkaya, who insisted that a certain 1% soda solution could arrest the aging process, but most real scientists simply ignored her. The party denounced the Einstein theory, the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, and cybernetics as "idealistic." But the scientists used the work of Einstein and Bohr to develop Russia's atomic bomb, and the Soviet began turning out calculators as fast as it could. Physicist Peter Kapitsa, who was placed under arrest for refusing to work on the atom bomb...
...Heisenberg reportedly proposes to add a third unit of measure to both Planck's constant ("the quantum of action'') and the fixed velocity of light, which Einstein used in formulating his Special Theory of Relativity, the structure of space and time. Said Heisenberg: "There must be still a third such natural unit of measurement which is conceived in present-day atomic physics as a length of the atomic order of magnitude-for example, the size of the diameter of simple atomic nuclei. The goal of atomic theory would be reached if one succeeded in stating a mathematical...
...greater extent than other disciplines, carries its past along with it. Whereas in humanities, for instance, the ideas of Plato are of considerable relevance today even though they are not included in the work of modern theorists, this is not the case in the natural sciences. Modern quantum theory contains a great deal of the older work of Newton, Laplace, Poisson, Hamilton, Jacobi, and Bohr. Indeed, a present concept of the physical truth is but a modification, reforming, and improvement of older ideas...
...chemistry course in six weeks-"and then I fell in love with physics because of the sweep of its laws, I suppose. In physics you get glimpses of such harmony and order!" After his Ph.D. (from Gottingen University, Germany) at 23, he taught physics, ranged into relativity, quantum theory, cosmic rays and nucleonics. In 1954 his security clearance was revoked after an airing of past Communist associations and his anti-H-bomb campaign as chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the AEC. Oppenheimer moved full-time to the institute in 1947, where he has been "trying to understand...
...fellowship at Columbia, took his Ph.D. there at 21. In 1951 he won the Albert Einstein Award for achievement in the natural sciences for his work on the interaction of light and matter and the properties of electrons and light, is now involved with studies on general principles of quantum mechanics. Like many other scientists, he is a music lover, once tried teaching himself to play the piano ("I could teach myself physics, but it didn't work in music"). In his colleagues' estimate, he is the "heir apparent to the mantle of Einstein...