Word: quantum
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...that had not been a member of the Soviet bloc. By forcefully expanding its international sphere of direct control, the Kremlin in effect had violated a fundamental ground rule of East-West relations. In a meeting with his top aides, Carter said sternly that the Soviet invasion is "a quantum jump in the nature of Soviet behavior. And if they get through this with relative political and economic impunity, it will have serious consequences on the world in years to come...
...unification of the weak and the electromagnetic forces remained the most promising avenue. "There were two major problems," Glashow recollects, "the mathematical problem, and the 'finiteness' problem. I solved the first, and Steve solved the second." The one clue sprung from the fact that the amount, or quantum of energy, exchanged in the weak interactions, the so-called "intermediate vector boson," was found to have the same value as the quantum of energy exchanged in electromagnetic interaction. The scales were obviously vastly different, as were the distances over which the two forces act, but this mathematical parallel nonetheless represented...
Lawrence Maguire '58, director of student employment, said Wednesday, "we won't see that kind of quantum jump again, but sustained increases in funding will accompany growth in costs and needs...
...this was highly exciting news to the nearly 600 physicists from 38 countries gathered at the Fermi accelerator. If gluons really exist, they are the first strong proof of an esoteric yet extremely important new physical theory called quantum chromo dynamics, or QCD. Although more experimental work will be necessary to establish the existence of gluons, already some bold theorists are using QCD in an ambitious attempt to succeed by other means where Einstein failed. That could eventually mean a union of all four of nature's basic forces -gravitation, electromagnetism and the nuclear strong and weak forces. Predicted...
Even after the pace of Einstein's career slowed and his resistance to quantum mechanics earned him the scorn of some scientists, he still epitomized science in the public eye. As Carl Sagan notes, his example inspired numerous Depression-era youngsters to choose scientific careers. His persona and pronouncements became legends. Asked why he used one soap for washing as well as shaving, he replied, "Two soaps? That is too complicated." Even when receiving visitors like David Ben-Gurion (who later offered him the presidency of Israel), Einstein often would be tieless and sockless. Recalls Physicist-Biographer Banesh Hoffmann...