Word: proletariat
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Describing himself as "a confirmed evolutionist and reformist," Sakharov begins his essay with a stinging, detailed indictment of Soviet domestic and foreign policy. He decries average living and working conditions, the "lumpenization" of the Russian proletariat ("Per capita consumption of alcohol is twice what it was in tsarist Russia"). He also chastises the government for its "Russification" of ethnic minorities in the U.S.S.R., its support of dictatorships in Libya and Uganda, and genocide against the Kurds in Iraq. In a highly technical chapter on disarmament, he draws upon his own scientific expertise to discuss the problems posed by "heavy" missiles...
...extreme left-wing forces seemed to be gaining the upper hand in Portugal last week. To some stunned politicians, it seemed that the tension-racked nation had taken a giant step toward becoming a dictatorship of the proletariat. "We have left even Albania on our right," wailed one moderate party official in Lisbon. "The Armed Forces [Movement] has approved 1917-style Soviets for Portugal," said another...
...Communist state but were rejected by the majority. Said Socialist Mario Soares, leader of Portugal's largest political party: "There is more hope for parliamentary democracy today than there was yesterday." The communiqué, he added, "is very explicit because it rejects a dictatorship of the proletariat and the way of a people's democracy and reaffirms the original movement toward a socialism compatible with several political parties, fundamental liberties and the right of a legal opposition...
...only in 1961, at the age of 93 that DuBois officially joined the American Communist Party. In a letter of application to Gus Hall, secretary of the Party, DuBois said that he had come to the conclusion that it was through the final victory of the proletariat that the American blacks would achieve racial equality...
...Portugal could spread like wildfire." The appreciative Communists staged a massive street demonstration in support of the M.F.A. But at midweek, Saraiva de Carvalho's forces cracked down not on Soares' Socialists but on the Maoist M.R.P.P. (Movement for the Reorganization of the Party of the Proletariat). In Lisbon, Coimbra and other cities, the police arrested more than 350 members of the M.R.P.P. Among the charges: spreading "false Maoist leftism," kidnaping, and beating and arresting several people during the previous week, including two American Marine guards from the U.S. embassy...