Word: programing
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Thoroughly chilled by a strong Communist wind blowing through Europe, the President's Committee on European Reconstruction recently advocated a long-range program of economic aid to stalwart continental democracies. Mr. Averill Harriman, committee chairman, spoke in cold, harsh tones of survival. A ruthless and determined Russian drive for world domination could be stalled only by a speedy resurrection of such democratically minded nations as Germany, Austria, France, and Italy. While a 17 billion dollar loan is well-designed for the task, Mr. Harriman's enthusiasm seems to have overwhelmed his logic, for he also advises an immediate withdrawal...
...Emergency Reconstruction Program, as endorsed by Secretary of State Marshall, calls for interim aid to pull France, Italy and Austria through the winter, and a long-term subsidization of the sixteen nations in western Europe. Spread over a periods of four years, the ERP intends to thwart Russian expansion through a rebirth of European industry and by fostering confidence in democratic forms of government. Although U. S. loans will provide the necessary funds, the actual burden of economic recovery rests with each individual nation. Those countries receiving American aid must insure their recovery by stringent budget supervision, a complete stabilization...
...generally agreed that there should be a separate body set up to administer the European Recovery Program. Three different groups had plans for such a body: the State Department, the Herter Committee, the Harriman Committee. On basic principles, they saw eye to eye. The boss should be appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation. The administering body should have wide and flexible authority to procure goods and facilities, administer and allocate funds. It should work in close cooperation with the State Department. It should make frequent and complete reports to Congress. Appropriations should be. on an annual basis...
...some Republicans were even willing to postpone the tax fight in order to get on with the aid program. Speaker of the House Joe Martin announced that as far as he was concerned, G.O.P. tax legislation would not be introduced until the regular session in January. Harry Truman did his part by announcing that price legislation need not have priority over foreign aid. Everyone was dedicated to the great deed...
Marshall outlined the State Department's program and added some "important principles": that outright grants should be made of such nondurable commodities as food, fuel, fertilizer; that transactions be in the form of loans when they covered capital equipment or raw material which could be used to produce the means of repayment; that in every case agreements should be made between the U.S. and each separate country, not between the U.S. and the 16 nations as a whole...