Word: processing
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...COMPANIES understandably want to maximize their profits, but it is absurd for them to call this process "free enterprise" when a cartel controls the supply. A federal oil corporation can restore free enterprise to the industry, its proponents should argue. The public company could explore domestically, seek out non-OPEC foreign sources, negotiate with OPEC, and serve as a yardstick to force other oil firms to compete. In contrast to the competitive public outfit, the existing oil companies can be labeled monopolistic, centralized private bureaucracies. A private oil company is just as large and bureaucratic as a government agency; with...
...argued that putting Fraser in the board room is not intended to create democratic factories. Indeed, this is the whole point. Unless Fraser uses his new position to begin the process of real, lower-level democratization, he will advance the cause of "industrial democracy" in a very limited way. Employee commitment and motivation to work hard to help the beleagured company will likewise remain largely unaffected...
Worker participation programs generally aim to promote increased productivity by motivating workers through involvement in decision-making and taking advantage of their intimate knowledge of the production process. Board room seats and representative committees fall short on both counts, as they involve so few workers and generally leave the real source of "blue-collar blues"--hierarchical management--intact...
...history of work innovation experiments indicates that programs which do involve all workers at the lowest levels are the most dramatically productive. The most famous American experience was probably General Foods' Topeka, Kansas dog food factory. An autonomous team system divided into three areas the entire production and packaging process. Team leaders replaced traditional foremen, acting as co-ordinators rather than intimidators. Workers had responsibility for ordering materials, making changes in the work process, and maintaining equipment. Productivity shot up to over 50 per cent of what industrial engineers expected from their calculations based on traditional work methods...
Asked about acting homework. Hughes replied, "What the process is, I've never been able to pinpoint exactly. I guess you can talk about the craft, but the actual process is just doing...