Word: planet 
              
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 Dates: during 1960-1969 
         
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...weeks after the Mariner pictures were transmitted, scientists at Pasadena's Jet Propulsion Laboratory were also getting a far clearer look at the red planet itself. In the first fast playback of the 200 TV images radioed by the two probes, they saw a very rough and lunar-like surface. But after considerable electronic enhancement of the pictures, a slow process that increases contrasts and eliminates random "noise" in the radio signals, the scientists have now produced a portfolio of photographs that show three distinctly different types of Martian topography. Besides cratered regions, there are huge, flat, featureless areas...
...cold," its virtually intact primordial surface may provide not only important clues about the moon's beginnings but also about the origin of the solar system. The most ancient rocks found on earth are 3.3 billion years old, or more than a billion years younger than the planet itself, and the moon rocks from the Sea of Tranquillity are about the same age. Nonetheless, Urey and other cold-moon proponents think that when men reach the lunar highlands, which are generally considered to be older than the maria, they will find material as old as 4.5 billion years...
...fiction writers have long enjoyed developing similar themes. Nelson Bond, in a short story called The Cunning of the Beast, published in 1942 told about a weak-bodied, high-minded scientist named the Yawa Eloem who tried to create intelligent animals to serve his fellow academicians on the distant planet that was their home. But the servants rebelled, got into the Yawa Eloem's private laboratory, and learned how to do evil. His colleagues decided to punish Dr. Eloem by sending him off in a spaceship to a far corner of the universe, accompanied by his creations-Adam...
...blue fire that are intelligent beings-free spirits, as it turns out, long liberated from the pains, and the sins, of the body. And in a recent, surprisingly touching Star Trek TV script, the crew of the spaceship Enterprise stumble upon the Greek God Apollo on a distant planet, only to tell him that they can no longer worship him, as they did when he and his race of supermen lived on earth...
...story called Prometheus by Philip José Farmer, the hero, an intergalactic missionary named Father John Carmody, visits a planet where the inhabitants are only dimly aware that they have souls at all. He then prcceeds to instruct them, in one breathtaking passage, in the basic principles of the Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount, and the ritual of the Last Supper. As Carmody's spaceship moves away from the planet, the agnostic ship commander chides him. What the priest has done in his effort to instruct, says the captain, is to lay the foundations...