Word: pius
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...Problematic." Elevated to the papacy when he was nearly 77, John XXIII was "servant of the servants of God" less than five years-the shortest reign since the obscure Pius VIII, who ruled for 20 ailing months after his election in 1829. But far from being the caretaker that the church expected, John created an atmosphere in which, says Jesuit Theologian John Courtney Murray, "a lot of things came unstuck -old patterns of thought, behavior, feeling. They were not challenged or refuted, but just sort of dropped...
...merely asking questions was often to answer them-or at least to indicate how tinny and irrelevant conventional responses of the past were now. Should the church shun the secular world, clinging to the City of God in fear of contamination from the City of Man? That learned teacher Pius XII, as his encyclicals and allocutions make clear, firmly answered no. But Pius, for all his good will, remained a prisoner of the church's past. It was left to John XXIII -neither intellectual nor theologian-to throw open the windows and doors of Catholicism to the breeze...
...picture of Old Joe Kennedy and the kids with Pope Pius XII reminded Rose that "the Pope gaveTeddy his first Holy Communion. I thought with all those spiritual advantages Teddy might become a priest or even a bishop, but he met a beautiful blonde one evening, and that...
...Pope Leo XIII cautiously encouraged Catholic scholars to join in the scientific investigation of Scripture begun by Protestant Germany's "Higher Critics." It was a false dawn. Under Leo's successor, Pius X (1903-14). church officials took arms against the heresy of modernism-which taught that Catholic dogma should be revised in the light of progress made by science and philosophy -and Bible scholars proved to be handy targets. Some found their writings placed on the Index; the top Catholic scholar of his day, Dominican Father Marie Joseph Lagrange, was dismissed from his teaching posts...
...Magna Carta. Catholic Bible experts began catching up with the rest of the scholarly world after 1943, when Pius XII issued his encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu. Written largely by German Jesuit Augustin Bea, now the cardinal in charge of Rome's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, the encyclical encouraged Catholics to study the historical background of Scripture, and to use modern critical techniques developed by Protestant and Jewish scholars. Bible scholars hailed the encyclical as their Magna Carta; conservative theologians thought it an open invitation to a modernist revival...